A fasaha Manuniya napolyacrylamideGabaɗaya nauyin kwayoyin halitta ne, digiri na hydrolysis, digiri na ionic, danko, abun ciki na monomer saura, don haka ana iya yin hukunci da ingancin PAM daga waɗannan alamomin!
01Nauyin Kwayoyin Halitta
Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na PAM yana da girma sosai kuma an inganta shi sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.PAM, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin 1970s, yana da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na miliyoyin.Tun daga shekarun 1980, nauyin kwayoyin mafi kyawun PAM ya fi miliyan 15, wasu kuma sun kai miliyan 20."Kowace waɗannan kwayoyin PAM an yi su ne daga fiye da dubu ɗari acrylamide ko sodium acrylate kwayoyin (acrylamide yana da nauyin kwayoyin 71, kuma PAM tare da monomers dubu ɗari yana da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 7.1 miliyan)."
Gabaɗaya, PAM tare da babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta yana da mafi kyawun aikin flocching, tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 71 don acrylamide da 7.1 miliyan don PAM mai ɗauke da 100,000 monomers.Nauyin kwayoyin polyacrylamide da abubuwan da suka samo asali daga daruruwan dubban zuwa fiye da miliyan 10, bisa ga nauyin kwayoyin halitta za a iya raba su zuwa ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta (kasa da miliyan 1), matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta (1 miliyan zuwa 10), babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta. (miliyan 10 zuwa miliyan 15), babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta (fiye da miliyan 15).
Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na macromolecular kwayoyin halitta, ko da a cikin wannan samfurin ba cikakken uniform ba, da maras muhimmanci kwayoyin nauyi ne da matsakaita.
02Digiri na hydrolysis da digiri na ion
Matsayin ionic na PAM yana da tasiri mai girma akan tasirin amfani da shi, amma ƙimar da ya dace ya dogara da nau'in da yanayin kayan da aka bi da su, za a sami dabi'u daban-daban mafi kyau a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.Idan ƙarfin ionic na kayan da aka bi da shi ya fi girma (wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwan da ba a haɗa su ba), ƙimar ionic na PAM ya kamata ya zama mafi girma, akasin haka, ya kamata ya zama ƙasa.Gabaɗaya, ana kiran matakin anion digiri na hydrolysis.Kuma digiri na ionic gabaɗaya yana nufin cations.
Ionicity = n/(m+n)*100%
PAM da aka samar a farkon matakin ya kasance polymerized daga monomer na polyacrylamide, wanda bai ƙunshi ƙungiyar -COONa ba.Kafin amfani, ya kamata a ƙara NaOH kuma a yi zafi don sanya wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar -CONH2 zuwa -COONa.Ma'auni shine kamar haka:
-CONH2 + NaOH → -COONa + NH3↑
Ana fitar da iskar ammonia a lokacin hydrolysis.Matsakaicin rukunin hydrolysis na amide a cikin PAM ana kiransa matakin hydrolysis na PAM, wanda shine matakin anion.Yin amfani da irin wannan PAM bai dace ba, kuma aikin ba shi da kyau (hydrolysis mai zafi zai sa nauyin kwayoyin halitta da aikin PAM ya ragu sosai), ba a yi amfani da su ba tun daga 1980s.
Samar da zamani na PAM yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan digiri na anion, mai amfani zai iya gwargwadon buƙata kuma ta hanyar gwaji na ainihi don zaɓar nau'in da ya dace, ba sa buƙatar hydrolysis, bayan rushewa za a iya amfani dashi.Duk da haka, saboda dalilai na al'ada, wasu mutane har yanzu suna komawa ga tsarin rushewar flocculants a matsayin hydrolysis.Ya kamata a lura cewa ma'anar hydrolysis shine bazuwar ruwa, wanda shine halayen sinadaran.Ruwan ruwa na PAM yana da iskar ammonia da aka saki;Rushewa aikin jiki ne kawai, babu wani sinadari.Biyu sun bambanta a asali kuma bai kamata a ruɗe ba.
03Ragowar abun ciki monomer
Ragowar abun ciki na monomer na PAM yana nufin abun ciki naacrylamide monomera cikin acrylamide polymerization zuwa polyacrylamide a cikin aiwatar da amsawar da ba ta cika ba kuma a ƙarshe ya rage a cikin samfuran acrylamide.Yana da mahimmancin siga don auna ko ya dace da masana'antar abinci.Polyacrylamide ba mai guba bane, amma acrylamide yana da wasu guba.A cikin polyacrylamide na masana'antu, yana da wuya a guje wa saura alamar acrylamide monomer maras amfani.Saboda haka, abun ciki na saura monomer inFarashin PAMdole ne a kula sosai.Adadin ragowar monomer a cikin PAM da ake amfani da shi a cikin ruwan sha da masana'antar abinci ba a yarda ya wuce 0.05% na duniya ba.Darajar shahararrun samfuran kasashen waje ta kasa da 0.03%.
04danko
Maganin PAM yana da danko sosai.Mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na PAM, mafi girman danko na maganin.Wannan saboda PAM macromolecules suna da tsayi, sarƙoƙi na bakin ciki waɗanda ke da babban juriya don motsawa ta hanyar mafita.Ma'anar danko shine don nuna girman ƙarfin juzu'i a cikin maganin, wanda kuma aka sani da madaidaicin juzu'i na ciki.Danko na maganin kowane nau'in kwayoyin halitta na polymer yana da girma kuma yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwar nauyin kwayoyin halitta.Hanya don ƙayyade nauyin kwayoyin halitta na kwayoyin halitta na polymer, shine don ƙayyade danko na wani taro na bayani a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, sannan kuma bisa ga wani tsari don lissafin nauyin kwayoyinsa, wanda aka sani da "matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin viscose".
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-12-2023